SANTIAGO, Chile – Tax revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) decreased as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023 amid a slowdown in economic activity in the region and a decline in global commodity prices, according to a new report released here.
The report titled “Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean has been released during the ongoing 37th regional fiscal seminar of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
It shows that the average tax-to-GDP ratio in the region was 21.3 percent in 2023, a 0.2 percentage points (pp) below the level in 2022 and slightly below the level prior to the COVID-19 pandemic of 21.4 percent.
Tax-to-GDP ratios in the region ranged from 11.6 percent in Guyana to 32 percent in Brazil in 2023. By comparison, the average tax-to-GDP ratio in OECD countries was 33.9 percent in 2023.
Between 2022 and 2023, the tax-to-GDP ratio fell in 14 of the 26 countries included in the report. The overall decline in tax revenues as a share of GDP in the region was due to a fall in revenues from income taxes, notably among some of the main hydrocarbon and mineral producers.
Income tax revenues declined by 0.1 percent of GDP on average from a peak of 6.3 percent in 2022, according to the new report. Social security contributions increased by 0.1 pp in 2023 while revenues from taxes on goods and services remained unchanged as a share of GDP.
A decline in commodity prices in 2023 dragged down the region’s revenues from non-renewable natural resources. Hydrocarbon-related revenues among the region’s 10 biggest oil producers declined to 3.9 percent of GDP on average in 2023, from 4.4 percent of GDP in 2022, while mining revenues declined to 0.59 percent of GDP from 0.74 percent of GDP in 2022.
The report estimates that revenues from hydrocarbons and mining decreased further in 2024, to 3.2 percent of GDP and 0.5 percent of GDP, respectively.
For the first time, the 2025 edition of Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean presents harmonized data on non-tax revenues, such as rents and royalties, interest and dividends received by the government, and public sales of goods and services.
The report shows that non-tax revenues at the central government level for 22 countries averaged 3.1 percent of GDP in 2023, ranging from 0.4 percent in Peru to 11.6 percent of GDP in Cuba.
Between 2019 and 2023, non-tax revenues declined by 0.4 pp on average across the region, albeit with strong year-on-year variations over this period, including a decline of 0.7 p.p. between 2022 and 2023.
Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 is a joint publication by the Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations (CIAT), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN-ECLAC), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and Development Centre.
